SSC MTS EXAM

Detailed explanation-1: -The sodium-potassium pump system moves sodium and potassium ions against large concentration gradients. It moves two potassium ions into the cell where potassium levels are high, and pumps three sodium ions out of the cell and into the extracellular fluid.

Detailed explanation-2: -The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and potassium ions (K+) into the cell. First, three sodium ions bind with a carrier protein in the cell membrane. Then, the carrier protein receives a phosphate group from ATP. When ATP loses a phosphate group, energy is released.

Detailed explanation-3: -Secondary active transport brings sodium ions, and possibly other compounds, into the cell. As sodium ion concentrations build outside of the plasma membrane because of the action of the primary active transport process, an electrochemical gradient is created.

Detailed explanation-4: -Potassium ions can be transferred in and out of the cell through active and passive transport. Passive movement: Three passive forces namely chemical, electrical and electrochemical gradient are responsible for the movement of potassium ions inside and outside of the cell.