SSC
CHEMISTRY
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Which are the following are used to make detergents?i. petroleumii. fats or oils.iii. sodium hydroxideiv. glycerol
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ii and i
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i and iv
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i and iii
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iii and iv
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Explanation:
Detailed explanation-1: -Oils with high content of C12 and C14 fatty acids are most commonly used by the detergent industry and are readily obtained from coconut and palm kernel. The most important animal fats are lard and tallow, which contain primarily C16 and C18 fatty acids.
Detailed explanation-2: -(i) Soaps and detergents are salts of long chain fatty acids.
Detailed explanation-3: -Soap is made by treating fats with a strong solution of lye (NaOH). The ester functional groups are hydrolyzed releasing its alcohol portion as glycerol and the acid portions as the a mixture of the sodium salts of the fatty acid. The glycerol is water soluble and is separated from the fatty acid salts.
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