SSC MTS EXAM

Detailed explanation-1: -Self-Strengthening Movement, movement (1861–95) in which the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12) of China introduced Western methods and technology in an attempt to renovate Chinese military, diplomatic, fiscal, and educational policy.

Detailed explanation-2: -Guangxu was influenced by reformers like Kang Youwei, who attempted to bring about changes based on Western ideas of progress and freedom and urged the Qing court to modernize China by building railways and improving ports, factories, weapons and metal and textile factories.

Detailed explanation-3: -After experiencing internal and external military challenges since the 1850s, a group of officials launched the “Self-Strengthening Movement” (SSM) in 1861 to strengthen the nation’s military power using Western technology. For more than 30 years, 3.5% of the national income was invested in the defense sector.