SSC MTS EXAM

Detailed explanation-1: -Most of the prominent Muslims of Medina claimed that Muhammad had named no successor and elected Abu Bakr, the Prophet’s closest advisor and companion, as the first caliph (successor).

Detailed explanation-2: -The first four leaders of the community who followed Muhammad in the 7th century are considered the purest expression of the caliphate-Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman and Ali.

Detailed explanation-3: -Born in Mecca and raised in Medina, the two most holy sites of Islam, the fifth caliph, Abd Al Malik Ibn Marwan, spearheaded the creation of many of the institutions that centralized the Islamic empire around his capital in Damascus and asserted its independence from Byzantine traditions.

Detailed explanation-4: -The leader of a caliphate is called the caliph, meaning deputy or representative. All caliphs are believed to be the successor to Prophet Muhammad. Muhammad was not a caliph; according to the Quran he was the last and greatest of the prophets. That means no one can replace Muhammad as the messenger of God.