SSC MTS EXAM

Detailed explanation-1: -Laws of nature and reason. ¨we hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness¨. John Locke.

Detailed explanation-2: -Enlightenment thinkers favored much more democratic forms of government in which the authority to rule stemmed from those who are ruled. Some of the most famous Enlightenment thinkers, including Locke and Rousseau, were social contract theorists.

Detailed explanation-3: -Montesquieu did not describe a social contract as such. But he said that the state of war among individuals and nations led to human laws and government. Montesquieu wrote that the main purpose of government is to maintain law and order, political liberty, and the property of the individual.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enlightenment “philosophes” (French for “philosophers") were therefore great optimists: they believed that humankind could improve itself greatly, and that Enlightenment values of reason and humanity would accomplish it.