WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -The Dark Ages is a term for the Early Middle Ages, or occasionally the entire Middle Ages, in Western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire that characterises it as marked by economic, intellectual and cultural decline.

Detailed explanation-2: -Levels of violence there were considered unacceptably high by contemporaries: in the 1340s, the homicide rate was around 110 per 100, 000. (In the UK in 2011, it was 1 per 100, 000.)

Detailed explanation-3: -One of the main characteristics of the Dark Ages was the collapse of trade networks as a result of this political fragmentation. This led to economic stagnation and the crumbling of the Roman Empire’s once vast infrastructure, which included extensive roads and sanitation networks.

Detailed explanation-4: -The idea of the whole Middle Ages as a “dark age” therefore actually comes from the early modern Renaissance and humanist movements and their denigration of their immediate forebears and idolization and idealization of the Greeks and Romans.