HISTORY
ABSOLUTISM AND REVOLUTION
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Question
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____ Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor ____ Montesquieu, The Spirit of the LawsIn this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to:
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an enlightened despotism
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a policy of mercantilism
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a separation of powers
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a social contract
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Explanation:
Detailed explanation-1: -Montesquieu‟s doctrine, in essence, signifies the fact that one person or body of. persons should not exercise all the three powers of the Government viz. legislative, executive and judiciary. In other words each organ should restrict itself to its own sphere and restrain from transgressing the province of the other.
Detailed explanation-2: -Montesquieu concluded that the best form of government was one in which the legislative, executive, and judicial powers were separate and kept each other in check to prevent any branch from becoming too powerful. He believed that uniting these powers, as in the monarchy of Louis XIV, would lead to despotism.
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