WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The philosophes believed that people could apply reason to all aspects of life, just as Isaac Newton had applied reason to science.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus began devising his version of the heliocentric model. Like others before him, Copernicus built on the work of Greek astronomer Atistarchus, as well as paying homage to the Maragha school and several notable philosophers from the Islamic world (see below).

Detailed explanation-3: -In general, the philosophes believed in progress for society. The philosophes influenced Catherine the Great’s proposal on reforms to Russia’s laws. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. The Bill of Rights was influenced by Voltaire, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau.

Detailed explanation-4: -An eighteenth century intellectual movement whose three central concepts were the use of reason, the scientific method, and progress. Enlightenment thinkers believed they could help create better societies and better people.