WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Aristotle was also the first to articulate what has come to be known as the ideal of the rule of law. He shared the common Greek view that, as a general principle, law had a share in eternal divine wisdom.

Detailed explanation-2: -Enlightenment thinkers favored much more democratic forms of government in which the authority to rule stemmed from those who are ruled. Some of the most famous Enlightenment thinkers, including Locke and Rousseau, were social contract theorists.

Detailed explanation-3: -Summary point: Enlightenment thinkers believed that the basic principles underlying human nature were constant; they also believed that the human condition was susceptible of improvement. They felt it possible to formulate clear moral absolutes or universal standards.

Detailed explanation-4: -The philosophes (French for ‘philosophers’) were the intellectuals of the 18th-century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.