WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The German philosopher Immanuel Kant used the word enlightenment to describe this new approach. During the Enlightenment, also called the Age of Reason, philosophers emphasized the power of human reason to uncover general laws of nature that shape all of human experience.

Detailed explanation-2: -natural law A philosophy that certain rights or values are inherent by virtue of human nature, and can be universally understood through human reason. Historically, it refers to the use of reason to analyze both social and personal human nature in order to deduce binding rules of moral behavior.

Detailed explanation-3: -In his famous 1651 work Leviathan, Hobbes argues that people are inherently wicked and selfish, and he puts forth his ideas for the social contract and laws required by a society of evil creatures.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enlightenment thinkers favored much more democratic forms of government in which the authority to rule stemmed from those who are ruled. Some of the most famous Enlightenment thinkers, including Locke and Rousseau, were social contract theorists.

Detailed explanation-5: -Locke believed that a government’s legitimacy came from the consent of the people they governed.