HISTORY
ABSOLUTISM AND REVOLUTION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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applied reason to all aspects of life including truth, nature, happiness progress and liberty.
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had a secular outlook that questioned the beliefs and teachings of the Church.
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emphasized the importance of the individual over the government
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inspired much of the philosophy behind the American and French Revolutions.
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Detailed explanation-1: -These thinkers valued reason, science, religious tolerance, and what they called “natural rights”-life, liberty, and property. Enlightenment philosophers John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all developed theories of government in which some or even all the people would govern.
Detailed explanation-2: -In spite of their many differences, both Hobbes and Locke were both instrumental to the development of what we now call the Social Contract, the fundamental agreement underlying all of civil society.
Detailed explanation-3: -Locke and Hobbes agree on a variety of ideas such as the non-divine origins of the political power, the need for social contract and a government, equal rights and freedoms of all human beings, and the existence of an ultimate state of nature for human beings.
Detailed explanation-4: -Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau all believe that before men were governed we all lived in a state of nature. This state of nature was the conditions in which we lived before there were any political governments to rule over us and it described what societies would be like if we had no government at all.
Detailed explanation-5: -The notion of a state of nature was an essential element of the social-contract theories of the English philosophers Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and John Locke (1632–1704) and the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–78).