WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The philosophes used reason to attack superstition, bigotry, and religious fanaticism, which they considered the chief obstacles to free thought and social reform.

Detailed explanation-2: -What topics were addressed by the philosophes in their Encyclopedia articles? They denounced slavery, praised freedom of expression, urged education for all, attacked divine right theory, and traditional relgions.

Detailed explanation-3: -The philosophes believed that people could apply reason to all aspect of life. The five areas of their core beliefs: Reason, Nature, Happiness, Progress, and Liberty.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Philosophic Movement advocated for a society based upon reason rather than faith and Catholic doctrine, for a new civil order based on natural law, and for science based on experiments and observation.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Enlightenment’s leaders believed that by using scientific methods, they could explain the laws of society and human nature. It was an optimistic creed-armed with the proper methods of discovering the laws of human nature, enlightened thinkers were convinced they could solve all problems.