WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Born in 1633 and named after his grandfather James I, James II grew up in exile after the Civil War (he served in the armies of Louis XIV) and, after his brother’s restoration, commanded the Royal Navy from 1660 to 1673. James converted to Catholicism in 1669.

Detailed explanation-2: -James II of England (VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of England, and Kingdom of Ireland.

Detailed explanation-3: -James II / VII | England’s last Catholic monarch-Visit Heritage.

Detailed explanation-4: -James’s second wife, Mary of Modena, was Roman Catholic, and their son was James Edward, the Old Pretender.

Detailed explanation-5: -A Protestant, William participated in several wars against the powerful Catholic ruler Louis XIV in coalition with both Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe. Many Protestants heralded William as a champion of their faith.