WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Enlightenment philosophers John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all developed theories of government in which some or even all the people would govern. These thinkers had a profound effect on the American and French revolutions and the democratic governments that they produced.

Detailed explanation-2: -Locke’s theory of government postulates that societies in their original condition comprised only individuals, without government. Individuals in this “state of nature"9 pos-sessed certain inherent rights and liberties which existed inde-pendently of government.

Detailed explanation-3: -John Locke was a leading philosopher and political theorist. His ideas helped lay the foundation for both the Enlightenment and the birth of liberalism in the 17th century.

Detailed explanation-4: -Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a French Enlightenment thinker who lived and wrote after Hobbes and Locke. He focused on social contract theory, most notably in his book The Social Contract (1762). Rousseau developed views about human nature and government that were radically different from those of Hobbes and Locke.