WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -John Locke was among the most famous philosophers and political theorists of the 17th century. He is often regarded as the founder of a school of thought known as British Empiricism, and he made foundational contributions to modern theories of limited, liberal government.

Detailed explanation-2: -The English philosopher and political theorist John Locke (1632-1704) laid much of the groundwork for the Enlightenment and made central contributions to the development of liberalism. Trained in medicine, he was a key advocate of the empirical approaches of the Scientific Revolution.

Detailed explanation-3: -First, Locke argued that natural rights such as life, liberty, and property existed in the state of nature and could never be taken away or even voluntarily given up by individuals. These rights were “inalienable” (impossible to surrender).

Detailed explanation-4: -Locke believed that powers in the government should be limited and the powers between parts of the government should be balanced. These checks and balances (later reflected in the U.S. Constitution) and true representation in the legislature would maintain limited government and individual liberties.