WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The English philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, wrote in the 1600s that a powerful monarch, or king or queen, was the best way to unify a nation. Hobbes believed that kings were justified in assuming absolute power because only they could maintain order in a society.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Leviathan’s body consists of the people of the state, making the monarch’s head the literal head of state. The cover of Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan symbolizes how the Leviathan is directly connected to and supported by the people.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hobbes is famous for his early and elaborate development of what has come to be known as “social contract theory”, the method of justifying political principles or arrangements by appeal to the agreement that would be made among suitably situated rational, free, and equal persons.

Detailed explanation-4: -These three things-competition, distrust, and the desire for glory-throw humankind into a state of war, which is for Hobbes the natural condition of human life, the situation that exists whenever natural passions are unrestrained.

Detailed explanation-5: -Hobbes was a proponent of Absolutism, a system which placed control of the state in the hands of a single individual, a monarch free from all forms of limitations or accountability. Locke, on the other hand, favored a more open approach to state-building.