HISTORY
ABSOLUTISM AND REVOLUTION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Fredrick the Great
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Catherine the Great
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Louis XIV
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John Locke
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Detailed explanation-1: -By separating church from the state, she incorporated some of her “enlightened” Western philosophies in her governance of Russia. In doing so, she removed the power that the Orthodox clergy had previously held over the state, instead forcing them to depend on the state for compensation.
Detailed explanation-2: -After the peasant uprising during Catherine’s reign, she allowed the nobles to continue the process of turning peasants into serfs. The word serf is from the Latin word for slave; however, the status of the serf was somewhere in between that of a slave and a free person.
Detailed explanation-3: -While another form of slavery in Russia, kholopstvo, was ended by Peter I in 1723, the serfdom (krepostnoe pravo) was abolished only by Alexander II’s emancipation reform of 1861.
Detailed explanation-4: -All men should be considered equal before the law. The law should protect, not oppress, the people. The law should only forbid harmful acts. Serfdom should be abolished. Capital punishment and torture should cease. The principle of absolutism should be upheld.