WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Peter the Great was the czar, or monarch, of Russia from 1682 until he died in 1725. During his reign, he worked to modernize Russia and transform it into an empire that rivaled anything in Europe.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ivan IV (the Terrible): Confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking the authority of the boyars; continued policy of expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture. Boyars: The Russian nobles.

Detailed explanation-3: -Peter the Great oversaw a period of modernization and military expansion throughout his reign, bringing Russia to a level of development that was comparable with the monarchies of western Europe.

Detailed explanation-4: -Russia’s territory of about 4, 633, 200 square miles (12, 000, 000 square km) included some recent and valuable acquisitions. With his victory over Sweden in the Second Northern War, Peter regained Ingria and Finnish Karelia and acquired Estonia and Livonia, with the ports of Narva, Revel (Tallinn), and Riga.

Detailed explanation-5: -His major achievements include the founding of St. Petersburg in 1703, the victory against Sweden at the Battle of Poltava in 1709, and the birth of the Russian navy, Peter’s lifelong passion.