WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Montesquieu concluded that the best form of government was one in which the legislative, executive, and judicial powers were separate and kept each other in check to prevent any branch from becoming too powerful.

Detailed explanation-2: -Montesquieu: The Separation of Powers Montesquieu, born Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu, was a French political philosopher and is today largely considered one of the fathers of the study of anthropology and one of the most prominent enlightenment philosophers.

Detailed explanation-3: -The first modern formulation of the doctrine was that of the French political philosopher Montesquieu in De l’esprit des lois (1748; The Spirit of Laws), although the English philosopher John Locke had earlier argued that legislative power should be divided between king and Parliament.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enlightenment thinkers favored much more democratic forms of government in which the authority to rule stemmed from those who are ruled. Some of the most famous Enlightenment thinkers, including Locke and Rousseau, were social contract theorists.

Detailed explanation-5: -John Locke and the Enlightenment The concept of separating church and state is often credited to the writings of English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704).