WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -“The five constant relationships” () refers to the five fundamental relationships in Confucian philosophy: those between ruler and subject, father and son, elder brother and younger brother, husband and wife, and friend and friend.

Detailed explanation-2: -Filial piety is a Confucian concept derived from Chinese culture, which advocates a set of moral norms, values, and practices of respect and caring for one’s parents. According to the dual-factor model of filial piety, reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety are two dimensions of filial piety.

Detailed explanation-3: -It is often understood as the duty to respect elders. This includes duties toward one’s parents, but also toward ancestors and those of the older generation who may not be blood relatives.

Detailed explanation-4: -The virtue of filial piety means respecting your elder and maintaining the hierarchal structure of the family. For example, a son should respect his father and a little brother should defer to his older brother. This extended even further to ancestors, who were also deeply respected in Confucian society.