WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Legalism in ancient China was a philosophical belief that human beings are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are motivated entirely by self-interest and require strict laws to control their impulses. It was developed by the philosopher Han Feizi (l. c. 280-233 BCE) of the state of Qin.

Detailed explanation-2: -Traditional Confucianism stressed the importance of five human relationships in particular: parent–child, husband–wife, older sibling–younger sibling, friend–friend, and ruler–subject. Confucius viewed almost all human relationships as hierarchical and reciprocal.

Detailed explanation-3: -By the Han (202 BCE–220 CE), Confucius was already an authoritative figure in a number of different cultural domains, and the early commentaries show that reading texts associated with him about history, ritual, and proper behavior was important to rulers.

Detailed explanation-4: -Confucius’ teachings of jen, yi, and li comprise the most fundamental thought and principles in Confucius’ ethics. Jen has been translated as love, benevolence, humanity, human heartedness, virtue, perfect virtue, true manhood, and humaneness; it also signifies the ideal relationship between people.