WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Trepanation, the process of making a burr hole in the skull to access the brain, is an ancient form of a primitive craniotomy.

Detailed explanation-2: -The history of brain surgery dating to the Neolithic Age was often accompanied with trepanation. Trepanation is defined as a procedure in which a hole is created through the skull, sometimes with a stone tool. Since early times, the terms trepanation and trephination turned up to be used interchangeably.

Detailed explanation-3: -Surgery flourished in ancient China. Ancient texts speak of the great surgeon Hua T’o and describe many operations. In the third century BC there were already in use practical methods for the treatment of wounds, by the ninth century the operation of hare-lip was frequently and skillfully performed.

Detailed explanation-4: -The historical origins of acupuncture techniques also continue to be debated (Kaptchuk, 2000); however, it is generally accepted that acupuncture was developed during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-221 AD).