WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty (581–618) then into the Tang dynasty of 618–907.

Detailed explanation-2: -He created civil-service examinations to test potential government officials on their knowledge of the Confucian classics, so that bureaucrats would be chosen for their intelligence instead of their social connections.

Detailed explanation-3: -The civil service exam system in imperial China was a system of testing designed to select the most studious and learned candidates for appointment as bureaucrats in the Chinese government. This system governed who would join the bureaucracy between 650 CE and 1905, making it the world’s longest-lasting meritocracy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Tang emperors started to hire educated scholars, instead of wealthy aristocrats, to be the official administrators (managers) in the bureaucracy. In this system, called a meritocracy, government positions were given to those who earned them by passing the civil service exam.

Detailed explanation-5: -Appointees to office were usually recommended men from the commanderies, family relatives of high officials, or student graduates of the Imperial University. This institution was established in 124 BC, and provided a Confucian-based education for those entering civil service.

Detailed explanation-6: -The Civil Service of the People’s Republic of China is the administrative system of the traditional Chinese government which consists of all levels who run the day-to-day affairs in China. The members of the civil service are selected through competitive examination.