WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Slaves were punished for not working fast enough, for being late getting to the fields, for defying authority, for running away, and for a number of other reasons. The punishments took many forms, including whippings, torture, mutilation, imprisonment, and being sold away from the plantation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Black had become the colour both of anarchism and of fascism, political ideologies at opposite ends of the spectrum in terms of attitudes towards political authority.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Oxford English Dictionary defined mulatto as “one who is the offspring of a European and a Black". This earliest usage regarded “black” and “white” as discrete “species", with the “mulatto” constituting a third separate “species".