WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The mountainous islands of Greece limited the amount of farmland to the Greeks. As a result, the Greeks decide to conquer other areas. They also established colonies in Southern Italy, Northern Africa, Turkey, and the southern coast of France.

Detailed explanation-2: -Some farmers built wide earth steps into the hills to create more flat land for farming. Most farmers grew crops like grapes and olives, which needed less land. Farmers planted hillside orchards of fruit and nut trees. Greek farmers raised sheep and goats, which can graze on the sides of mountains.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the 8th and 7th centuries BC, for various reasons, including demographic crisis (famine, overcrowding, climate change, etc.), the search for new commercial outlets and ports, and expulsion from their homeland, Greeks began a large colonization drive, including southern Italy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Some areas had different soils and weather conditions that made them more fertile than others. As a whole, only one-fifth of Greece’s land is farmable, so pressure to use the land was quite high. The most common food products in Greece were wheat, barley, olives and grapevines.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Athenian economy was based on trade. The land around Athens did not provide enough food for all the city’s people. But Athens was near the sea, and it had a good harbor. So Athenians traded with other city-states and some foreign lands to get the goods and natural resources they needed.