WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Many scholars now believe the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization was caused by climate change. The eastward shift of monsoons may have reduced the water supply, forcing the Harappans of the Indus River Valley to migrate and establish smaller villages and isolated farms.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer: The Indus valley civilization started declining from about 1900 BCE. Changes in climate, decline of trade with Mesopotamians, drying up or flooding of the river, foreign invasion of Indus civilisation might have been the reasons for the decline of this civilization.

Detailed explanation-3: -Scientists now believe the Harappan people fled their cities en masse and headed east in response to a natural climate change cycle of declining monsoon rains that stopped feeding rivers, which were key to keeping soil fertile for Indus Valley crops.

Detailed explanation-4: -The dry spell, lasting 900 years, slowly destroyed its irrigation systems, devastated agriculture and eventually forced Indus people at places such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro to abandon the thriving urban culture.

Detailed explanation-5: -The first farmers settled near the river because it kept the land fertile for growing crops. These farmers lived together in villages which grew over time into large ancient cities, like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in modern-day Pakistan. The Indus people needed river water to drink, wash, and to irrigate their fields.