WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Roman Republic describes the period in which the city-state of Rome existed as a republican government (from 509 B.C.E. to 27 B.C.E.), one of the earliest examples of representative democracy in the world.

Detailed explanation-2: -Economic problems, government corruption, crime and private armies, and the rise of Julius Caesar as dictator all led to its eventual fall in 27 BCE.

Detailed explanation-3: -The final defeat of Antony alongside his ally and lover Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the Senate’s grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian as Augustus in 27 BC – which effectively made him the first Roman emperor – marked the end of the Republic.

Detailed explanation-4: -The population declined to 500, 000 by 452 and 100, 000 by 500 AD (perhaps larger, though no certain figure can be known). After the Gothic siege of 537, the population dropped to 30, 000 but had risen to 90, 000 by the papacy of Gregory the Great.

Detailed explanation-5: -Internal turmoil provoked in 133 BC by economic stagnation in the city of Rome, slave revolts without, and dissension in the military precipitated a period of unrelenting political upheaval known as the Roman Revolution, the Late Roman Republic, or the Fall of the Republic, 133-27 BC.