WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Caesar had no living legitimate children under Roman law and so had adopted Octavius, his grand-nephew, making him his primary heir. Mark Antony later charged that Octavian had earned his adoption by Caesar through sexual favours, though Suetonius describes Antony’s accusation as political slander.

Detailed explanation-2: -In 46 BC, Caesar won the civil war and was named dictator of Rome. To secure his position, he needed an heir. With no son of his own, he adopted Augustus.

Detailed explanation-3: -Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar were distantly related, but Julius needed an heir and legally adopted Augustus as that heir in his will, which became known and in effect when Caesar was assassinated in 43 BCE.

Detailed explanation-4: -Augustus was born Gaius Octavius Thurinus on 23 September 63 BCE. Octavian was adopted by his great-uncle Julius Caesar in 44 BCE, and then took the name Gaius Julius Caesar. In 27 BCE the Senate awarded him the honorific Augustus ("the illustrious one"), and he was then known as Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus.