WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Rome was able to gain its empire in large part by extending some form of citizenship to many of the people it conquered. Military expansion drove economic development, bringing enslaved people and loot back to Rome, which in turn transformed the city of Rome and Roman culture.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fourth Period of Expansion (44 B.C.E. – 14 C. E.) Augustus ruled over more than 50 million people. He continued to expand Rome’s empire by conquering the eastern kingdoms of Judea and Armenia. To better defend the empire, he pushed western borders to the Rhine and Danube Rivers.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Roman Republic became the Roman Empire in 27 BCE when Julius Caesar’s adopted son, best known as Augustus, became the ruler of Rome. Augustus established an autocratic form of government, where he was the sole ruler and made all important decisions.

Detailed explanation-4: -The final defeat of Antony alongside his ally and lover Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the Senate’s grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian as Augustus in 27 BC – which effectively made him the first Roman emperor – marked the end of the Republic.

Detailed explanation-5: -Diocletian also restructured the Roman government by establishing the Tetrarchy, a system of rule in which four men shared rule over the massive Roman Empire. The empire was effectively divided in two, with an Augustus and a subordinate Caesar in each half.

Detailed explanation-6: -Rather than restoring their king, the Romans replaced the kingship with two annually elected magistrates called consuls. During the early Roman Republic, important new political offices and institutions were created, and old ones were adapted to cope with the changing needs of the state.