WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ancient Romans used the arch to create bridges and aqueducts that let them spread their culture across Europe and the Middle East. They used the arch to create dome roofs and vaulted ceilings for larger, stronger, and more spacious public buildings that could holds hundreds of people.

Detailed explanation-2: -Old Roman arches were created with a very durable type of concrete that was made from a mixture of volcanic sand and lime. This ancient concrete was able to support large amounts of weight, and as a result, it enabled people to build larger and more variable types of buildings, like the aqueducts we discussed above.

Detailed explanation-3: -The more common concrete masonry arch is the minor arch where maximum span is limited to about 6 feet (1.8 m) with a rise-to-span ratio not exceeding 0.15, and carrying loads up to 1500 lb per foot of span (21, 891 N/m).

Detailed explanation-4: -The celebratory “triumphal” arch in Rome was a stand-alone monument that followed the role of the stand-alone column that elevated a statue of an individual over others for his achievements, as noted by Pliny the Elder (HN 334.27). The arcus or fornix as a celebratory monument was first mentioned in 196 BC (Livy 33.27.

Detailed explanation-5: -The arch was used as early as the 2nd millennium BC, but it was the ever precocious Romans who began the systematic use of the arch, in their greatest engineering feats and as a means of celebrating their greatest military victories.