WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Abbasid s moved the Caliphate’s capital from Damascus, in modern-day Syria, to Baghdad, in modern-day Iraq, in 762 CE. The Abbasid Caliphate was established after the downfall of the Umayyad Caliphate .

Detailed explanation-2: -The Abbasids moved their capital from Damascus to Baghdad, the capital of present-day Iraq.

Detailed explanation-3: -Under the Abbasids the caliphate entered a new phase. Instead of focusing, as the Umayyads had done, on the West-on North Africa, the Mediterranean, and southern Europe-the caliphate now turned eastward. The capital was moved to the new city of Baghdad, and events in Persia and Transoxania were closely watched.

Detailed explanation-4: -Under the Abbasid caliphate (750–1258), which succeeded the Umayyads (661–750) in 750, the focal point of Islamic political and cultural life shifted eastward from Syria to Iraq, where, in 762, Baghdad, the circular City of Peace (madinat al-salam), was founded as the new capital.

Detailed explanation-5: -The main technological achievement of the Abbasid Caliphate was the introduction of paper from China, which slowly spread to the rest of the Muslim world before reaching Europe in the 10th century.

Detailed explanation-6: -The Mamluks ran the government and the armies, while the Abbasids had authority over the Islam religion. Together they ruled the Caliphate from Cairo until 1517 when they were conquered by the Ottoman Empire. The sacking of Baghdad in 1258 is considered to be the end of the Islamic Caliphate by many historians.