WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The agreement led to the division of Turkish-held Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into various French-and British-administered areas. Negotiations were begun in November 1915, and the final agreement took its name from the chief negotiators from Britain and France, Sir Mark Sykes and François Georges-Picot .

Detailed explanation-2: -The 19th century saw the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire which resulted in the establishment of an independent Greece in 1821, Serbia in 1835, and Bulgaria in 1877–1878.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Ottoman Empire officially ended in 1922 when the title of Ottoman Sultan was eliminated. Turkey was declared a republic on October 29, 1923, when Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), an army officer, founded the independent Republic of Turkey.

Detailed explanation-4: -Upon the Ottomans’ defeat in World War I, a combination of nationalist movements and partition agreements among the Allied powers forced its disintegration into numerous territories, with Turkey as the empire’s immediate successor.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Sykes-Picot Agreement In the summer of 1915, following the start of the Gallipoli campaign, the French, British, and Russian empires began negotiations to split up the Ottoman empire and claim their own spheres of influence.