WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -High protection and heavy import dependency meant that African industry was poorly prepared for international competition. The tendency of many African governments to assign a leading role to the state in creating and operating manufacturing firms simply made the problem worse.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: Industrialization in Europe allowed Europeans to build guns and cannons and ships en masse which they used to more efficiently subjugate the people of Africa. They were also able to build railways that increased their access to African territory.

Detailed explanation-3: -The advent of capitalism, European imperialism, efforts to mine coal, and the effects of the Agricultural Revolution have all been highlighted as causes for the Industrial Revolution by historians.

Detailed explanation-4: -The industrial revolution in Europe didn’t happen overnight but only spread over the continent very gradually. One of the triggers was the unusually high growth in the population which set in around the middle of the 18th century and produced a gigantic reservoir of workers.

Detailed explanation-5: -After independence, most African countries believed industry was the engine of economic growth that would lead them to development. Therefore, they adopted an industrialization strategy as a substitute for importation in light of Latin America’s experience.