WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Vajirayan initiated two major revolutionary changes. Firstly, he embraced modern geography, among other sciences considered “Western". Secondly, he sought reform in Buddhism and, as a result, a new sect was created in Siamese Theravada Buddhism.

Detailed explanation-2: -King Mongkut and Chulalongkorn made important decisions that kept the country from colonial rule. They negotiated a number of treaties with the French and British in which they ceded some territory and also gained some. In some of the treaties, they agreed that the Europeans would not invade the country.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chulalongkorn, also called Phrachunlachomklao, posthumous name Rama V, (born Sept. 20, 1853, Bangkok, Siam [now Thailand]-died Oct. 23, 1910, Bangkok), king of Siam who avoided colonial domination and embarked upon far-reaching reforms.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mongkut, also called Phrachomklao, posthumous name Rama IV, (born Oct. 18, 1804, Bangkok-died Oct. 15, 1868, Bangkok), king of Siam (1851–68) who opened his country to Western influence and initiated reforms and modern development.