WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -China and Japan responded to Western imperialism differently. Essentially, Japan gave in to the Western pressure to opening their ports and cities to foreign trade and relations, while China refused. This allowed Japan to very successfully modernize.

Detailed explanation-2: -The movement was stimulated by the military training and techniques exhibited during the Westerners’ cooperation with the Qing in ending the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) and was supported by Prince Gong in Beijing.

Detailed explanation-3: -In 1902, Shanxi governor Zhao Erxun proposed to reform the local administrative reforms such as the Baojia system, including the establishment of the modern police system and the expansion of local organizational functions.

Detailed explanation-4: -The goals of these reforms included: abolishing the traditional examination system. eliminating sinecures (positions that provided little or no work but provided a salary) establishing Peking University as a place where sciences, liberal arts and the Chinese classics would all be available for study.