WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The natural alkaloids are also referred to as opiates and include morphine and codeine. Synthetic derivatives include heroin, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, buprenorphine and others. The opioids are highly potent and effective analgesics, but most have a high potential for dependency and abuse.

Detailed explanation-2: -Opiates refer to natural opioids such as heroin, morphine and codeine. Opioids refer to all natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic opioids.

Detailed explanation-3: -Also known as laudanum and formulated for oral administration, opium tincture is made of air-dried poppy (Papaver somniferum) latex and contains alkaloids such as morphine and codeine.

Detailed explanation-4: -Examples of narcotic analgesics include opium, codeine, heroin, demerol, darvon, morphine, methadone, Vicodin, and oxycontin.

Detailed explanation-5: -Figure. Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy, has been used medicinally for over 5000 years. When the unripe seed capsule is incised a milky fluid runs out and when dried this constitutes opium (Greek opus = juice). This contains three important alkaloids-morphine, codeine, and papaverine.