WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -an increase in the power of the royal houses of Europe. a stronger collective cultural identity in Europe. an increase in xenophobia and intolerance between Christians and Muslims, and between Christians and Jews, heretics and pagans. an increase in international trade and exchange of ideas and technology.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: The Crusades helped bring an end to feudalism by weakening its power structure, which was heavily decentralized. The Crusades took a huge toll on the power of feudal lords. We have to remember that medieval Europe did not have strong nation-states like we do today.

Detailed explanation-3: -The First Crusade (1096-1099) Four armies of Crusaders were formed from troops of different Western European regions, led by Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Godfrey of Bouillon, Hugh of Vermandois and Bohemond of Taranto (with his nephew Tancred).

Detailed explanation-4: -i) The Muslim states began to adopt a harsher attitude towards their Christian subjects. ii) There was a great increase in the influence of Italian mercantile communities in the trade between the east and the west. iii) Power of Europeans feudal lords decrease and there was a decline of feudalism in Europe.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Crusades provided the religious ideology for the Reconquista, which in turn inspired Atlantic colonization. The Reconquista, or reconquest, refers to the 800 years of violence and expulsion of Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula after the failed Crusades.