WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Serfdom was a bit different from slavery: while slaves were bought and sold as people, serfs were legally bound to the land they worked, and that land could be traded between different feudal masters.

Detailed explanation-2: -Henry Marsh describes how England and Scotland became the first European countries to begin freeing their serfs, towards the close of the twelfth century. England and Scotland were the first countries in which all serfs were freed.

Detailed explanation-3: -Serfdom Succeeds Slavery in Europe These enslaved people gradually became serfs: they and their succeeding generations were tied by law to the land they occupied. In the western section of the empire, slavery gradually disappeared after the 4th century and was rarely heard of by the end of the 10th century.

Detailed explanation-4: -Serfdom remained in western Europe only until about the 15th century. At the time, both the Black Death and the advent of the Renaissance caused serfdom to decline.

Detailed explanation-5: -Charlemagne spent the early part of his reign on several military campaigns to expand his kingdom. He invaded Saxony in 772 and eventually achieved its total conquest and conversion to Christianity. He also extended his dominance to the south, conquering the kingdom of the Lombards in northern Italy.