WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The extensive network of rivers in western Europe spurred the development of the water mill, not only for grinding grain into flour but also by the 12th century for converting simple rotary motion into reciprocal motion.

Detailed explanation-2: -Arab traders crossed the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Beginning of Trade The Renaissance sailor first took to the seas to supply Europeans with the many Asian spices they demanded. Peppercorns, nutmeg, mace, and cinnamon all came from lands to the east. Also from the East came precious gems and fine silk, a fabric especially sought after for women’s clothing.

Detailed explanation-4: -Medieval Europeans began trading frequently at local markets and at the larger and less-frequent fairs held in towns and cities. These were both organized with the approval of local councilmen and church officials, who in turn fostered a growing trade-based economy.