WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Under the command of Pedro Álvares Cabral, a Portuguese expedition was the first to bring spices from India to Europe by way of the Cape of Good Hope in 1501. Portugal went on to dominate the naval trading routes through much of the 16th century.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Dutch established a monopoly on the spice trade from the Moluccas . They gained control over the clove trade through an alliance with the sultan of Ternate in the Moluccas in 1607. Dutch occupation of the Bandas from 1609 to 1623 gave them control of the nutmeg trade.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Roman Empire set up a powerful trading centre in Alexandria, Egypt in the first century BC and was in command of all of the spices entering the Greco-Roman world for many years.

Detailed explanation-4: -The European age of exploration began in earnest in the fifteenth century as rulers sought better access to the Far East where they could trade for spices, silk, tea and other highly valuable goods. In the Southeast, Spain, France, and England all vied for control.