WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The 10 percent of Africa that was under formal European control in 1870 increased to almost 90 percent by 1914, with only Liberia and Ethiopia remaining independent.

Detailed explanation-2: -In a continent that had previously been divided into territories held by tribal groups and some larger kingdoms, the political boundaries were completely changed. By the early 20th century, around 90 percent of Africa was directly controlled by Europeans (Figure 6.3.

Detailed explanation-3: -Established empires-notably Britain, France, Spain and Portugal-had already claimed coastal areas but had not penetrated deeply inland. Europeans controlled one tenth of Africa, primarily along the Mediterranean and in the far south.

Detailed explanation-4: -By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free from European control. colonizing, many believed that Africans would soon be buying European goods in great quantities.

Detailed explanation-5: -However, powerful African armies were able to keep the Europeans out of most of Africa for 400 years. In fact, as late as 1880, Europeans controlled only 10 percent of the continent’s land, mainly on the coast. Furthermore, European travel into the interior on a large-scale basis was vir-tually impossible.