WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Europeans such as the Portuguese arrived in Indonesia from the 16th century seeking to monopolise the sources of valuable nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in Maluku.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a colonial presence in the Indonesian Archipelago.

Detailed explanation-3: -Several European countries were attracted to Indonesia because of its exotic resources and its prime location for trade. Indonesia had hotly coveted resources, such as spices, cloves, nutmeg, and sugar.

Detailed explanation-4: -The first phase of European colonisation of Southeast Asia took place throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Where new European powers competing to gain monopoly over the spice trade as this trade was very valuable to the Europeans due to high demand for various spices such as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves.

Detailed explanation-5: -After a period of occupation by the Japanese (1942–45) during World War II, Indonesia declared its independence from the Netherlands in 1945. Its struggle for independence, however, continued until 1949, when the Dutch officially recognized Indonesian sovereignty.