WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sumerians built ships that allowed them to travel into the Persian Gulf and trade with other early civilizations, such as the Harappans in northern India. They traded textiles, leather goods, and jewelry for Harappan semi-precious stones, copper, pearls, and ivory.

Detailed explanation-2: -Traders from the ancient Sumerian city of Ur traveled by donkey caravan, river barges, and sea-going ships to all parts of the Fertile Crescent, Persia, Tilmun, Magan, and Melukka. They imported copper, precious stones and woods, and ivory and exported woolen clothing and cloth, barley, and locally grown foodstuffs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Local trade in ancient Mesopotamia began in the Ubaid Period (c. 5000-4100 BCE), had developed into long-distance trade by the Uruk Period (c. 4100-2900 BCE), and was flourishing by the time of the Early Dynastic Period (2900-2334 BCE).

Detailed explanation-4: -The Sumerians established trade links with cultures in Anatolia, Syria, Persia and the Indus Valley. Similarities between pottery in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley indicate that trade probably occurred between the two regions.