WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Factories tended to be poorly lit, cluttered, and unsafe places where workers put in long hours for low pay. These harsh conditions gave rise in the second half of the 19th century to the trade-union movement, in which workers organized in an attempt to improve their lot through collective action.

Detailed explanation-2: -The correct answer is c: a decreased reliance on colonization.

Detailed explanation-3: -During the early Industrial Revolution, working conditions were usually terrible and sometimes tragic. Most factory employees worked 10 to 14 hours a day, six days a week, with no time off. Each industry had safety hazards that led to regular accidents on the job.

Detailed explanation-4: -Many workers felt they lost control over their work process, and felt dislocated and alienated from their work. Many critics began asking if factory work was at odds with human nature. In pre-industrial times, most workers were fairly to highly skilled and were paid by the quality of the product.

Detailed explanation-5: -Work in factories was very hazardous and strenuous with long hours duty, no rest, and no facility for recreation. Machines were taken care of by the factory owner who had little regard for the safety and welfare of the workers. Workers were exposed to serious accidents because machines were not properly screened.