WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Working Class Living Standards Many lived a hand-to-mouth existence, working long hours in often harsh conditions. There was no electricity, running water or central heating. With no electric lighting (or gas) the rhythm of life revolved around the hours of daylight, and therefore would have varied with the seasons.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pandemics have significant social and political impacts such as clashes between nations, population displacement, and increased social tension and discrimination. Many pre-modern pandemics have caused serious demographic shifts, morality shocks, and social and political disturbance.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some examples of topics examined through epidemiology include as high blood pressure, mental illness and obesity. Therefore, this epidemiology is based upon how the pattern of the disease causes change in the function of human beings.

Detailed explanation-4: -Crowded cities meant poor ventilation, growing piles of rubbish and waste, and contaminated water that brought typhoid and diarrhea. Dark, damp, overcrowded apartments facilitated the spread of such airborne illnesses as influenza, pneumonia, and tuberculosis.