WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -According to Arab oral tradition, Islam first came to Africa with Muslim refugees fleeing persecution in the Arab peninsula.

Detailed explanation-2: -Arabian polytheism, the dominant form of religion in pre-Islamic Arabia, was based on veneration of deities and spirits. Worship was directed to various gods and goddesses, including Hubal and the goddesses al-Lāt, al-’Uzzā, and Manāt, at local shrines and temples such as the Kaaba in Mecca.

Detailed explanation-3: -North African traders were major actors in introducing Islam into West Africa. Several major trade routes connected Africa below the Sahara with the Mediterranean Middle East, such as Sijilmasa to Awdaghust and Ghadames to Gao.

Detailed explanation-4: -Migrating Arabs intermarried with the people of Nubia and introduced the Arabic language and the practice of Islam, both of which spread rapidly throughout much of the southern Nile valley.