WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -sultan, Arabic Sulṭān, originally, according to the Qurʾān, moral or spiritual authority; the term later came to denote political or governmental power and from the 11th century was used as a title by Muslim sovereigns.

Detailed explanation-2: -Use the noun sultan when you talk about the king of a Muslim country. It’s most commonly used to refer to the sultans of Turkey’s Ottoman Empire. There are some countries today that still use the term sultan for a ruler or nobleman, including Oman and Malaysia.

Detailed explanation-3: -During the 20th century, several Sultans in the Arab world changed their title to “Malik", which means “king” in Arabic.

Detailed explanation-4: -Qutubuddin Aibak was the first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. The Sultanate lasted about 200 years. The last Sultan was Ibrahim Lodi.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ruled by a caliph (Arabic khalīfah, “successor”), who held temporal and sometimes a degree of spiritual authority, the empire of the Caliphate grew rapidly through conquest during its first two centuries to include most of Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Spain.