WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Rashidun, (Arabic: “Rightly Guided, ‘’ or “Perfect”), the first four caliphs of the Islamic community, known in Muslim history as the orthodox or patriarchal caliphs: Abū Bakr (reigned 632–634), ʿUmar (reigned 634–644), ʿUthmān (reigned 644–656), and ʿAlī (reigned 656–661).

Detailed explanation-2: -The Four Rightly Guided Caliphs. The four Rashidun Caliphs were all chosen because of their relation to the Prophet Muhammad and their influence on the religion of Islam. Each of the Rightly Guided Caliphs was related to Muhammad either by marrying his daughters or betrothing their daughters to him.

Detailed explanation-3: -Who were they? The Four Caliphs were the first four leaders of Islam that succeeded the Prophet Muhammad. They are sometimes called the “Rightly Guided” Caliphs because each of them learned about Islam directly from Muhammad. They also served as Muhammad’s closest friends and advisors during the early years of Islam.

Detailed explanation-4: -ʿAlī, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, was the fourth caliph and first imam (in Shiʿism) of the Muslim ummah (community).

Detailed explanation-5: -The Rashidun Caliphate (Arabic: , romanized: al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah; 632 – 661) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE (11 AH).

Detailed explanation-6: -Because of the political conditions in the Arabian Peninsula, the first four caliphs were chosen from among the Quraysh clan. For the first time in the political history of Islam, the Kharijite sect, who separated from ‘Ali, chose their own caliph.

Detailed explanation-7: -’Rightly Guided Caliphs’), Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, who are considered by Sunni Muslims to have been the most virtuous and pure caliphs.