WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Abbasids’ age of cultural revival and fruition ended in 1258 with the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols under Hulagu Khan and the execution of al-Musta’sim. The Abbasid line of rulers, and Muslim culture in general, re-centred themselves in the Mamluk capital of Cairo in 1261.

Detailed explanation-2: -ʿAbbasid caliphate, second of the two great dynasties of the Muslim empire of the caliphate. It overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in 750 ce and reigned as the Abbasid caliphate until it was destroyed by the Mongol invasion in 1258.

Detailed explanation-3: -Caliphs of Cairo (13 June 1261 – 22 January 1517) In 1261, the Abbasid dynasty was re-established by a cadet branch of the dynasty at Cairo, under the auspices of the local Mamluk sultans but these caliphs were purely religious and symbolic figures, while temporal power rested with the Mamluks.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mongol forces sacked Baghdad, the jewel of the Abbasid Caliphate, in 1258. Under the direction of Hulegu Khan, another Genghis Khan’s grandsons, the Mongols directed themselves to subduing Muslim forces in modern-day Iran, Iraq, and Syria.

Detailed explanation-5: -812-3) in Baghdad, and al-Musta’ṣim who was killed by the Mongols in Baghdad in 1258: both were assassinated. Al-Musta’ṣim died multiple deaths at the hands of the Mongols. There is wide disagreement among the historians of the time on the method used by the Mongols to end his life.