WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Council of Trent focused on defending and elaborating on Catholic doctrine, as well as answering the criticisms of members of the Protestant faith. It affirmed that both faith and works were necessary for salvation, clarified the importance of sacraments, and improved clergy discipline and education.

Detailed explanation-2: -What emerged from the Council of Trent was a chastened but consolidated church and papacy, the Roman Catholicism of modern history. Its doctrinal teaching was a reaction against the Lutheran emphasis on the role of faith and God’s grace and against Protestant teaching on the number and nature of the sacraments.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Council of Trent marked the beginning of the period known as the Counter-Reformation. The Council of Trent inspired a movement of reform and revival within the Catholic Church.

Detailed explanation-4: -In its first period (1545–47) it accepted the Nicene Creed as the basis of Catholic faith, fixed the canon of the Old and New Testaments, set the number of sacraments at seven, and defined the nature and consequences of original sin; it also ruled against Martin Luther’s doctrine of justification by faith alone.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Council of Trent then became a Catholic conference whose goal was to reform the abuses of the Church (like the sale of indulgences), address claims of error in Church teaching and practice, and affirm (or reaffirm) the Church’s authority and centrality in the lives of the people.